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News: - Nature Publishing Group Asia Materials review paper - ARC DP 2012 grant received with Dr. Alexander Argyros, on “Drawn metamaterials: scalable nanofabrication for optical components of the future” - NSW Young Tall Poppy Science Award 2011 recipient
Research projects: My work concentrates on novel types of optical fibres, including sensing schemes using photonic crystal fibres (optical fibres with holes running along their length) and composite metal/glass fibres. Metamaterial fibres Metal/glass composite fibres are a new avenue for mass-producing metamaterials – materials with properties emerging from their structure rather than from their constituents. Such fibres behave as homogenous material, but with electromagnetic properties arising from sub-wavelength metal structures with electric and magnetic resonances, that can be tuned by design. In particular the effective refractive index of such fibres can be positive, negative or even one (making the fibre invisible in air), or highly anisotropic behaving as a metal in one direction and a dielectric in another. The latter configuration in particular enables sub-diffraction limited imaging. In 2010, we published the first experimental demonstration of a metamaterial fibre, which we demonstrated to have effective plasmonic response at terahertz frequencies; we also demonstrated numerically that similar fibres could be made that are indeed invisible at optical wavelengths. More recently, we have demonstrated drawn fibres with magnetic resonances at THz frequencies. Our current work concentrates on the exploration of new phenomena in structured fibre based metamaterials, their spatial dispersion and use for practical devices. Funding: Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development grant FA2386-11-1-4049, Australian Research Council and the University of Sydney
Uncovering new ways of guiding light in photonic crystal fibres Photonic crystal fibres (PCFs) are optical fibres with a complex microstructure running along their length, guiding light by coherent scattering or anti-resonant effects rather than by total internal reflection. Such fibres have peculiar optical properties that strongly depend on their structure. Most PCFs are made out of two materials, for example an array of holes or doped glass rods in a glass background. We recently discovered that by including a third material, for example using high-index coated holes, can dramatically change the guidance properties, providing wide bandwidth guidance of light relying on inhibited coupling rather than anti-resonant or bandgap effects. Because such fibres combine wide bandwidth with very strongly adjustable dispersion properties, they are promising candidates for all-fibre based tuneable laser sources over a very wide range of wavelengths, with potential applications in remote environmental sensing. Funding: Australian Research Council
Photonic crystal fibres as biosensors The holes in photonic crystal fibres can be filled with fluids, strongly affecting the guidance properties of the fibres. By creating resonant structures such as directional coupler within these fibres, minute changes of the refractive index within the holes can be detected, with detection limits similar to those of state-of-the art surface plasmon sensors and paving the way for ultrasensitive disposable biochemical sensors. We have demonstrated the most sensitive refractive index sensor in a PCF to date and are continuing the development towards practical PCF based biosensors.
Funding: Australian Research Council
Biography Boris Kuhlmey is an Australian Research Council Future Fellow with the School of Physics, The University of Sydney, with a continuing appointment as Senior Lecturer. After undergraduate studies at the École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, and a masters degree from the Insitut d’Optique (Paris-Sud, Orsay, France) he was awarded a PhD jointly by the Université Aix Marseille III, France, and the School of Physics, University of Sydney, Australia, in 2003. During his PhD, he co-developed the multipole method for photonic crystal fibres (PCFs). In 2003 he joined the ARC Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS) at the University of Sydney, to work on modelling of photonic crystal fibres. In 2006 he was awarded an ARC fellowship for the theoretically study of solid core photonic bandgap fibres, followed by a continuing position as lecturer in 2009 and ARC Future Fellowship in 2010. He was Education and Training Director of CUDOS from 2007-2011 and became CI of CUDOS in 2011. His achievements have recently been recognised through a NSW Young Tall Poppy Science award by the Australian Institute of Policy and Science. His research on drawn metamaterial has attracted funding from the US Air Force’s Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, as well as from the Australian Research Council, from which he has secured several competitive grants. In total, Dr Kuhlmey has been awarded over 1.7M$ in research grants over the last 5 years.
Keywords: Photonic crystal fibres, metamaterials, electromagnetic theory and modelling, biophotonics Publications Over 63 refereed journal papers, for a full list see ISI Researcher ID link. Selected Journal papers: T. Grujic, B. T. Kuhlmey, A. Argyros, S. Coen, and C. M. de Sterke, "Solid-core fiber with ultra-wide bandwidth transmission window due to inhibited coupling," Opt. Express 18, 25556-25566 (2010); Featured in Nature Photonics research highlights: Nature Photonics 5, pp. 68–69 (2011) A. Wang, A. Tuniz, P.G. Hunt, E.M. Pogson, R.A. Lewis, A. Bendavid, S.C. Fleming, B.T. Kuhlmey and M.C. J. Large, “Fiber metamaterials with negative magnetic permeability in the terahertz,” Optics Materials Express 1, pp.115-120 (2011); Featured in Nature Photonics research highlights: Nature Photonics 5, 382–383 (2011). A. Tuniz, R. Lwin, A. Argyros, S. C. Fleming, E. M. Pogson, E. Constable, R. A. Lewis, and B. T. Kuhlmey, "Stacked-and-drawn metamaterials with magnetic resonances in the terahertz range," Opt. Express 19, 16480-16490 (2011) A. Tuniz, B. T. Kuhlmey, R. Lwin, A. Wang, J Anthony, R. Leonhardt, S.C. Fleming “Drawn metamaterials with plasmonic response at terahertz frequencies,” Applied Physics Letters 96, article 191101 (2010) A. Tuniz, B. T. Kuhlmey, P.Y. Chen, S.C. Fleming, “Weaving the invisible thread: design of an optically invisible metamaterial fibre,” Opt. Express 18, pp. 18095-18105, (2010) D. K. C. Wu, B. T. Kuhlmey, and B. J. Eggleton, "Ultrasensitive photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor," Opt. Lett., 34, pp. 322-324, (2009). B. T. Kuhlmey, B. J. Eggleton, and D. K. C. Wu, "Fluid-Filled Solid-Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers," Journal of Lightwave Technology, 27, pp. 1617-1630, (2009). D. Y. T. Liu, B. T. Kuhlmey, P. M. C. Smith, D. A. Day, C. R. Faulkner, and R. L. Overall, "Reflection across plant cell boundaries in confocal laser scanning microscopy," Journal of Microscopy, 231, pp. 349-357, (2008). B. T. Kuhlmey, K. Pathmanandavel, and R. C. McPhedran, "Multipole analysis of photonic crystal fibers with coated inclusions," Opt. Express, 14, pp. 10851-10864, (2006). B. Kuhlmey, G. Renversez, and D. Maystre, "Chromatic dispersion and losses of microstructured optical fibers," Applied Optics, 42, pp. 634-639, (2003). G. Renversez, B. Kuhlmey, and R. McPhedran, "Dispersion management with microstructured optical fibers: Ultraflattened chromatic dispersion with low losses," Opt. Lett., 28, pp. 989-991, (2003). T. P. White, B. T. Kuhlmey, R. C. McPhedran, D. Maystre, G. Renversez, C. M. De Sterke, and L. C. Botten, "Multipole method for microstructured optical fibers. I. Formulation," J. Opt. Soc. Am B, 19, pp. 2322-2330, (2002). B. T. Kuhlmey, T. P. White, G. Renversez, D. Maystre, L. C. Botten, C. M. De Sterke, and R. C. McPhedran, "Multipole method for microstructured optical fibers. II. Implementation and results," J. Opt. Soc. Am B, 19, pp. 2331-2340, (2002). B. T. Kuhlmey, R. C. McPhedran, C. M. De Sterke, P. A. Robinson, G. Renversez, and D. Maystre, "Microstructured optical fibers: Where's the edge?," Opt. Express, 10, pp. 1285-1290, (2002). B. T. Kuhlmey, R. C. McPhedran, and C. Martijn de Sterke, "Modal cutoff in microstructured optical fibers," Opt. Lett., 27, pp. 1684-1686, (2002).
Books: Foundations of Photonic Crystal Fibres, F. Zolla, G. Renversez, A. Nicolet, B. Kuhlmey, S. Guenneau, D. Felbacq, Imperial College Press, London (2005) (343 pages). Foundations of Photonic Crystal Fibres, second edition, F. Zolla, G. Renversez, A. Nicolet, B. Kuhlmey, S. Guenneau, D. Felbacq, A. Argyros, S. Leon-Saval, Imperial College Press, London (2012) . Chapters in books P. Domachuk, P. Steinvruzel, B. Kuhlmey and B. J. Eggleton, Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Fibres, Properties and Applications, Chapter 7 of “Optofluidics: Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications,” Yeshaiahu Fainman, Luke Lee, Demetri Psaltis and Changhuei Yang, Editors, McGraw-Hill Professional (2009) pp.133-176. L. C. Botten, R. C. McPhedran, C. M. de Sterke, N. A. Nicorovici, A. A. Asatryan, G. H. Smith, T. N. Langtry, T. P. White, D. P. Fussell, B. T. Kuhlmey, “From Multipole Methods to Photonic Crystal Device Modelling,” Chapter 2 of “Electromagnetic Theory and Applications for Photonic Crystals,” Ed. K. Yasumoto, CRC Press Inc. (2005), 73 pages. A. Nicolet, S. Guenneau, F. Zolla, C. Geuzaine, B. Kuhlmey, G. Renversez, “Numerical investigation of photonic crystal fibers by spectral and multipole methods,” IUTAM Symposium on Asymptotics, Singularities and Homogenisation in Problems of Mechanics, A. B. Movchan, Editor, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2003), pp. 23–32. B. T. Kuhlmey, G. Renversez, D. Maystre, “Photonic crystals: modal theory of PC optical fibers and numerical application,” Progress in Analysis: Proceedings of the 3rd International ISAAC Congress, H. G. W. Begehr, R. P. Gilbert, M.W. Wong, Editors, pp. 1327–1335. (World Scientific Press, Singapore, 2001).
Plenary and keynote presentations “Drawn metamaterials” Ringberg Workshop, Russell Group of the MPI for the Science of Light, 2011 “Coated Photonic Crystal Fibres” COST299 meeting, Naples, July 2007 Invited presentations B. T. Kuhlmey, “Drawn metamaterials,” Metamaterials '2011: The Fifth International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (Barcelona, October 2011) B. T. Kuhlmey, "Advances in Solid-Core Photonic Bandgap Fibre Devices and Sensors," presented at Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition, (2009) B. T. Kuhlmey “Ultrasensitive refractive index sensing in photonic crystal fibres,” presented at the Twentieth International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, Edinburgh, U.K., October 2009 B. T. Kuhlmey, F. Luan, J.M. Lazaro, L. Fu, B. J. Eggleton, Dong-Il Yeom, S. Coen, A. Wang, and J. C. Knight, “Applications of Long Period Gratings in Solid Core Photonic Bandgap Fibres,” 1st Workshop on Speciality Optical Fibres (Sao Pedro, Brazil, 2008) B. T. Kuhlmey, “Photonic crystal fibre refractive index sensors,” Dodd-Walls Symposium 2008 (Queenstown, New Zealand) H. C. Nguyen, E. Magi, B. T. Kuhlmey, M. de Sterke, B. Eggleton,” All-Optical Switching in Nonlinear Long-Period Gratings in As2Se3 Chalcogenide Fibre, OECC/ACOFT 2008 Conference paper ThO1, Sydney, Australia, July 2008 B. T. Kuhlmey, “Advances in the modeling and understanding of microstructured optical fibres,” ICMAT’07, Singapore, July 2007 B. T. Kuhlmey, “Plasmonic Holey Fibres,” European Symposium on Optics and Optoelectronics (EEC), Prague, April 2007 H. C. Nguyen, B. T. Kuhlmey, E. C. Mägi, M. J. Steel, C. L. Smith, and Benjamin J. Eggleton, “Tapered photonic crystal fibres: properties, characterisation, and applications” SPIE Microtechnologies for the New Millennium, Sevilla, Spain 2005 B. T. Kuhlmey, , R. C. McPhedran, C. M. de Sterke and G. Renversez, “Microstructured optical fibre phase diagrams and operation regimes: towards deterministic MOF design,” SPIE Photonics West, San Jose, California, USA, January 2004 R. C. McPhedran, C. M. de Sterke, P. A. Robinson, B. T. Kuhlmey, G. Renversez and D. Maystre, Modes and their transitions in microstructured optical fibers, IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meeting Series 2003 – Holey Fibers and Photonic Crystals, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada, July 2003 |
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Dr. Boris T. Kuhlmey ARC Future Fellow Institute of Photonics and Optical Science And CUDOS—ARC Centre of Excellence for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems
Address: School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia |
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Simon Fleming, Maryanne Large, Alessandro Tuniz and Boris Kuhlmey in front of the polymer drawing tower. Picture R. Lwin. |
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Magnetic and plasmonic metamaterial fibres. Images: A. Tuniz. Opt. Express 19 16482 (2011) and APL 96 19101 (2010) |
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Details of Photonic crystal fibres with high index coated holes. Grujic et al Optics Express 18, 25556 (2010) |
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Schematic and micrograph of PCF based refractive index sensor. Image Journal of Lightwave Technology, 27, 1617 (2009) |