Lecture 2: Atoms and quantum mechanics, a gentle introduction
Further reading
There are a couple of very good web-sites out there. Physics
2000: Science Trek
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/science_trek.html has an
excellent introduction to the quantum atom, including interactive
applets which let you play with spectral lines, the periodic table,
etc. The discussion of how electrons are arranged in atoms is
particularly good (starts at
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/elements_as_atoms/index.html).
There's a little program which shows you the spectrum for any
element at http://jersey.uoregon.edu/elements/Elements.html
A good site for the nucleus in particular is "Guide to the
Nuclear Wallchart" at http://www.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/guide.html.
The "Standard Model" of particle physics is summarised at
http://particleadventure.org/particleadventure/frameless/chart.html
Sources for images used:
- Young's double slit experiment: from Wikipedia: Double-slit experiment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit_experiment
- Photoelectric effect: from "The Quantised World: Waves or particles?"
http://nobelprize.org/physics/educational/quantised_world/waves-particles-1.html;
and "Science and Technology", June 2005, "Shedding Light on Quantum
Physics", http://www.llnl.gov/str/June05/Aufderheide.html
- Wavelength scales: from IPAC's "Infrared Astronomy" page, http://sirtf.caltech.edu/EPO/Field/emspec.html
- Electron double slit experiment: from Hitachi Research &
Development: Double slit experiment
http://www.hqrd.hitachi.co.jp/em/doubleslit.cfm
- Nucleus: from "Chemistry" by McMurry & Fay, http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Chapter_02.html
- Atomic number and mass number: from ABCs of Nuclear Science, http://www.lbl.gov/abc/Basic.html
- Nuclide chart: from Subatomic research in Lund http://fys246.kosufy.lu.se/topics.asp
- Island of stability: from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_of_stability
- Nuclear binding energy: from Teachers' Instructional Graphics
Educational Resource : Chemistry
http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/TIGER/chem2.htm
- Uranium-235 decay: from "Energy from Nuclear Fission" by Jim Doyle
http://www.btinternet.com/~j.doyle/SR/Emc2/Fission.htm
- A star spectrum: from "The FAST Stellar Spectral Atlas" by Perry Berlind,
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~pberlind/atlas/atframes.html
- Horsehead nebula: from the NOAO Image Gallery, image by
T.A.Rector (NOAO/AURA/NSF) and Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA/NASA),
http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0661.html
- Spectra of different elements: from University of Oregon Physics Applets
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/elements/Elements.html
- Atomic orbitals: from http://www.physto.se/~larsa/Larsas%20LicThesis.html
- Ionisation energy: from "Chemistry" by McMurry and Fay, Fig. 6.3,
http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Chapter_06.html
Last updated 10 March 2008
Please let me know of any problems with these pages: H.Johnston@physics.usyd.edu.au